I pulled this leaf off of a Maple tree at the practice facility. There are all kinds of things going on with this leaf. The black spots appear to be a leaf spot fungus called, Tar spot, which is relatively common and doesn't harm to trees. The tree will grow out of it. It is however, too early for trees to start turning colors, a process that peeks in October. This could be caused by a number of factors...weather, pests or soil conditions could all create stress on a tree that might trigger early dormancy. It doesn't mean the tree is going to die but it could indicate something is not right (a common reason is compacted soil). There are several different species of Maple that are more susceptible to this effect. For years, one of our Maples behind the 4th green would turn red very early. However, it remains a very healthy tree.
Nature, whether it be from fungi/ plant hormones or other plant chemicals, has a way of producing colors that are incredibly beautiful and difficult to reproduce.